Two simple precautions can help keep your computer virus free - install and use software from reliable vendors and avoid opening unexpected e-mail attachments.
Almost all e-mail attachments are potential virus carriers. Some of the most famous viruses were distributed by accessing address books of infected computers and sending e-mail (with attachments) to everyone in the address book.
Even those from known senders should be regarded with suspicion - e-mail addresses can easily be faked to appear to be from someone you know.
The 'Melissa' virus that appeared in 1999, originally posted on an Internet newsgroup, was distributed in a Microsoft Word document. When downloaded and opened the virus accessed the user's address book and sent copies of the document (along with the virus) to the first 50 people in the user's address book.
Every computer that received the virus sent out an additional 50 copies, creating a worldwide slowdown in Internet networks. The effect took only a few hours.
Another widespread virus distributed by e-mail was the 'ILOVEYOU' virus of 2000. When double clicked it sent copies of itself to every e-mail address in the infected computers address book. But far from a problem of the past, viruses are still very much with us.
What to do?
ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
Antivirus software is available in both commercial and freeware versions with a variety of features and prices, usually from free to less than $50.
Most antivirus software works by examining files as they arrive at the computer and by scanning later at configurable pre-set times. The programs work by examining each e-mail attachment and downloaded file looking for virus 'signatures'.
If a virus is found the user will be alerted and infected programs and attachments can be cleansed of the virus or, if not possible, infected files can be deleted or placed into 'quarantine' where they can't be run.
UPDATES
Whare are signatures? All programs have instructions in a pattern. Computer viruses - like their biological counterparts - come in known, though evolving, patterns. The fact of evolution is the reason virus-checking files need to be regularly updated. Updated files contain lists and the characteristics of new signatures.
Most antivirus software can be configured to alert you when the virus checking files are out of date, and even to automatically refresh signature files with the latest versions.
USER PARTICIPATION
Users can become complacent after installing antivirus software, thinking they're totally protected and don't need to worry about becoming infected.
Apart from the fact that antivirus software is written by humans, who can make errors, vendors can only react to viruses after they're created. By that time, much damage can already have been done. An e-mail attachment or program may be infected with a new type of virus that your software cannot (yet) detect.
Some antivirus software can - to a limited extent - detect virus activity even without being able to identify a particular virus. This is an extra level of protection against the latest viruses, but still shouldn't allow users to become overconfident.
Always use trusted sources for downloading software and treat every e-mail attachment with caution.
OTHER INFECTION ROUTES
Lastly, a special note about CDs and DVDs. While they can't be written to (those that can are called CD-R's, DVD-R/W or some variation), they can still contain viruses. Users who burn their own CDs or DVDs - inexpensive and easy these days - can accidentally copy infected programs onto the disc. Since CDs can contain files that automatically act when the disc is inserted, it's possible - though rare - for viruses to be spread without additional user action.
Once again, the lesson is clear. Only accept material from those you know and trust, and who practice 'safe file sharing'.
Be safe out there, now.
Showing posts with label Computer Virus Information. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Computer Virus Information. Show all posts
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
What Is A Computer Virus, Anyway?
Combating infections and removing viruses is now big business. Lesson one is 'knowing the enemy'.
THE ENEMY - Crackers and Hackers
Geeks make a distinction between crackers, who break into systems to do damage, and hackers who enjoy taking programs apart just to see how they tick. We'll stick with the more common, though less accurate, term of hacker. (The term 'hacker' originally meant 'someone who makes furniture' with an axe. Crude, but effective - like most computer viruses.)
Viruses are actually a particular type of computer 'malware' - a general term covering all types of malicious software. The most common types are viruses, worms and Trojan horses.
VIRUSES
A virus is usually hidden inside another program such as an installation program delivered via e-mail attachment. (Biological viruses require a host organism to live and reproduce, hence the name.) When the 'host' program is run, the virus program also runs. Once it's in memory the virus is able to do its dirty work, which usually includes infecting other programs.
After the infection stage of the virus, there's a destructive stage. The virus waits for a pre-determined trigger (such as a specific date or a certain number of times the virus has replicated itself) before delivering its 'payload'. Payloads range from simple messages to file deletion commands to destruction of the core operating system.
When first developed, computer viruses were commonly distributed on floppy disks. With the growth of the Internet downloaded files and e-mail are the preferred delivery mechanisms. E-mail can contain attachments which can be any kind of computer file. Any executable file can be infected with a virus, and shouldn't be run unless you're confident they're virus free.
WORMS
Worms are similar to viruses in that they're self-replicating. They reproduce themselves across networks without human assistance, such as e-mail sending. A worm, though, doesn't need another executable program to be distributed.
Worms usually affect networks more than individual computers on the network. Their self-replicating behavior can overload network resources, causing slowdowns in data transmission by consuming massive bandwidth normally used to forward normal traffic. Network systems that route Internet traffic are just specialized computer hardware and software. They, too, can be affected by malware.
Worms can also be designed to carry a payload, using a 'backdoor' installation program. A backdoor is a hidden access point to a computer that bypasses the normal login procedure. They're commonly used by spammers to distribute junk e-mail, for example.
TROJAN HORSES
Trojan horses are the third common type of malware. A 'trojan' is a program that pretends to do one thing but actually does something different. (The term comes from the story of the Greeks who built a large wooden horse in which to hide. Their enemies, the Trojans persuaded they'd receive a gift, took the horse inside their compound giving the Greeks easy access to wreak havoc.) Unlike viruses or worms, a Trojan doesn't replicate itself.
Trojans may be hidden in otherwise useful software. Once started they can do almost anything including erasing data, corrupting files, installing backdoors and logging keystrokes so that hackers can steal information such as credit card numbers and passwords.
FIGHTING MALWARE
Elsewhere in the series, we'll discuss what is and can be done to combat the spread of malware. In the interim, just remember not to be passive and expect the problem to be solved by others. Fighting viruses requires active participation from vendors, webmasters AND users.
THE ENEMY - Crackers and Hackers
Geeks make a distinction between crackers, who break into systems to do damage, and hackers who enjoy taking programs apart just to see how they tick. We'll stick with the more common, though less accurate, term of hacker. (The term 'hacker' originally meant 'someone who makes furniture' with an axe. Crude, but effective - like most computer viruses.)
Viruses are actually a particular type of computer 'malware' - a general term covering all types of malicious software. The most common types are viruses, worms and Trojan horses.
VIRUSES
A virus is usually hidden inside another program such as an installation program delivered via e-mail attachment. (Biological viruses require a host organism to live and reproduce, hence the name.) When the 'host' program is run, the virus program also runs. Once it's in memory the virus is able to do its dirty work, which usually includes infecting other programs.
After the infection stage of the virus, there's a destructive stage. The virus waits for a pre-determined trigger (such as a specific date or a certain number of times the virus has replicated itself) before delivering its 'payload'. Payloads range from simple messages to file deletion commands to destruction of the core operating system.
When first developed, computer viruses were commonly distributed on floppy disks. With the growth of the Internet downloaded files and e-mail are the preferred delivery mechanisms. E-mail can contain attachments which can be any kind of computer file. Any executable file can be infected with a virus, and shouldn't be run unless you're confident they're virus free.
WORMS
Worms are similar to viruses in that they're self-replicating. They reproduce themselves across networks without human assistance, such as e-mail sending. A worm, though, doesn't need another executable program to be distributed.
Worms usually affect networks more than individual computers on the network. Their self-replicating behavior can overload network resources, causing slowdowns in data transmission by consuming massive bandwidth normally used to forward normal traffic. Network systems that route Internet traffic are just specialized computer hardware and software. They, too, can be affected by malware.
Worms can also be designed to carry a payload, using a 'backdoor' installation program. A backdoor is a hidden access point to a computer that bypasses the normal login procedure. They're commonly used by spammers to distribute junk e-mail, for example.
TROJAN HORSES
Trojan horses are the third common type of malware. A 'trojan' is a program that pretends to do one thing but actually does something different. (The term comes from the story of the Greeks who built a large wooden horse in which to hide. Their enemies, the Trojans persuaded they'd receive a gift, took the horse inside their compound giving the Greeks easy access to wreak havoc.) Unlike viruses or worms, a Trojan doesn't replicate itself.
Trojans may be hidden in otherwise useful software. Once started they can do almost anything including erasing data, corrupting files, installing backdoors and logging keystrokes so that hackers can steal information such as credit card numbers and passwords.
FIGHTING MALWARE
Elsewhere in the series, we'll discuss what is and can be done to combat the spread of malware. In the interim, just remember not to be passive and expect the problem to be solved by others. Fighting viruses requires active participation from vendors, webmasters AND users.
Worm Viruses, Deadliest Of All
Of the three most common types of malware (malware is short for malicious software, i.e. designed to harm) - viruses, Trojans and worms - the latter is the most harmful because only worms can function without human intervention.
Worms, like viruses, replicate themselves but unlike viruses are completely self-contained. Viruses need a 'host program' to spread, but worms propagate independently.
Though they can be designed to do the same kind of harm (file deletion, program corruption, etc), worms usually affect networks. Networks operate by means of servers and routers. The Internet is just a large set of mutually cooperating public computer networks.
Servers are similar to PC's, though usually faster and with more storage and other resources. They 'serve' other systems by making those resources available to multiple users. Routers are just specialized servers, typically of different hardware and operating systems, used to route network traffic. Hence the name.
Worms can be released into a network and their self-replication behavior causes damage. Since routers use memory, processor time, etc worms - like viruses - can overwhelm them, causing them to slow down and become unstable. Viruses don't have to delete files to do harm, they can cause the CPU - central processing unit, used to run programs - to be constantly busy. That leaves no resources for other programs to run.
Worms often carry 'payloads' - other types of malware such as spyware or backdoor installation programs. Spyware is used to monitor your computer activities and backdoors are hidden access points to your computer which can be exploited by hackers to send spam or steal data from your computer.
The fastest spreading worm ever was 'MyDoom'. First released in January 2004, it was distributed by e-mail and contained the message "andy; I'm just doing my job, nothing personal, sorry."
The author was never been discovered, but many believe it was designed to attack software company SCO (Santa Cruz Operation). Programmed to flood SCO's web site with Internet traffic, it quickly spread to the Internet at large causing a world-wide slowdown.
For individual computer users, the worm's payload is the biggest threat. Payloads can be designed to work around computer security by turning off antivirus functions or opening up computer ports. Ports are used by network software to move data in and out. Once done, the computer is open to data theft or malicious acts such as deleting files.
De-Worming
Firewalls are moderately effective in protecting your computer against worms. They can be set up to restrict network traffic and can help to 'cloak' your computer. If your computer can't be 'seen' it can't be infected with worms which spread over networks.
However, worms are also distributed in e-mail attachments so use caution when opening mail from unknown recipients or when someone known sends unexpected files.
Despite your best precautions, your system may become infected. You may notice your computer acting sluggish or rebooting on its own. Internet access may become very slow.
If you suspect your computer is infected with a worm, scan your system with antivirus software. If it fails to remove the worm, instructions for manual removal can be found on the Internet.
Worms, like viruses, replicate themselves but unlike viruses are completely self-contained. Viruses need a 'host program' to spread, but worms propagate independently.
Though they can be designed to do the same kind of harm (file deletion, program corruption, etc), worms usually affect networks. Networks operate by means of servers and routers. The Internet is just a large set of mutually cooperating public computer networks.
Servers are similar to PC's, though usually faster and with more storage and other resources. They 'serve' other systems by making those resources available to multiple users. Routers are just specialized servers, typically of different hardware and operating systems, used to route network traffic. Hence the name.
Worms can be released into a network and their self-replication behavior causes damage. Since routers use memory, processor time, etc worms - like viruses - can overwhelm them, causing them to slow down and become unstable. Viruses don't have to delete files to do harm, they can cause the CPU - central processing unit, used to run programs - to be constantly busy. That leaves no resources for other programs to run.
Worms often carry 'payloads' - other types of malware such as spyware or backdoor installation programs. Spyware is used to monitor your computer activities and backdoors are hidden access points to your computer which can be exploited by hackers to send spam or steal data from your computer.
The fastest spreading worm ever was 'MyDoom'. First released in January 2004, it was distributed by e-mail and contained the message "andy; I'm just doing my job, nothing personal, sorry."
The author was never been discovered, but many believe it was designed to attack software company SCO (Santa Cruz Operation). Programmed to flood SCO's web site with Internet traffic, it quickly spread to the Internet at large causing a world-wide slowdown.
For individual computer users, the worm's payload is the biggest threat. Payloads can be designed to work around computer security by turning off antivirus functions or opening up computer ports. Ports are used by network software to move data in and out. Once done, the computer is open to data theft or malicious acts such as deleting files.
De-Worming
Firewalls are moderately effective in protecting your computer against worms. They can be set up to restrict network traffic and can help to 'cloak' your computer. If your computer can't be 'seen' it can't be infected with worms which spread over networks.
However, worms are also distributed in e-mail attachments so use caution when opening mail from unknown recipients or when someone known sends unexpected files.
Despite your best precautions, your system may become infected. You may notice your computer acting sluggish or rebooting on its own. Internet access may become very slow.
If you suspect your computer is infected with a worm, scan your system with antivirus software. If it fails to remove the worm, instructions for manual removal can be found on the Internet.
Trojan Horse Viruses, Not A Myth
Most people are familiar with the legend of the Trojan horse. During the siege of Troy, the Greeks left a large wooden horse outside the gates, allegedly as a peace offering. The Trojans brought the horse inside the city walls only to discover it was full of Greek soldiers who quickly sacked the city.
A computer Trojan horse is similar. It looks like a benign or useful program but actually contains hidden code that can destroy data or install spyware.
A Trojan horse is often referred to as a virus, but unlike a true computer virus doesn't replicate itself. It's simply designed to gain access to your system and wreak havoc - like the mythical Greek soldiers.
Many Trojan horses (or simply 'Trojans') are spyware, used to monitor your computer activity and send information to a third party without your knowledge or consent.
Spyware can be used to deliver unsolicited pop-up ads, or to log private information such as credit card numbers and passwords, or even reroute your browser to a commercial site. The unscrupulous vendor at that site usually paid the spyware creator to do just that.
Another common use for a Trojan is to install a 'backdoor' - an access point to your computer which bypasses the normal login procedure. Hackers use backdoors to gain control of your computer to send spam or to wreak malicious damage. Since the damage appears to originate from your system it can be hard to combat.
Geeks make a distinction between 'crackers' who gain access to a system to do harm, and 'hackers' who just want to understand the details of how a system works. We'll stick with the more common, though less accurate, term.
How Trojans Are Distributed
Trojans are hidden in programs which appear useful. You visit a free utility site, download one and run the program. Your system is infected.
They can also be spread by e-mail attachments. If the attachment contains an executable file, that program can also contain a Trojan which will infect your computer as soon as it is run.
Executable files have extensions such as .exe but sometimes the extensions are hidden to make the file look like a harmless text file. An example of this would be a file named 'look_at_me.txt.exe. The user may not notice the '.exe' part of the filename (the extension) and think it's a text file. Some operating systems allow users to hide extensions, so in this case the user would simply see 'look_at_me.txt'.
Newer tactics involve embedding them in certain image files. The lesson is: never open a file from someone unknown, or when its arrival is unexpected. Even well-meaning individuals pass on viruses this way.
It's common for Trojans to be spread through operating system vulnerabilities. An operating system controls the basic functions of the computer. Computers connect to the Internet through 'ports', some of which present security risks. Malware takes advantage of these vulnerabilities.
One well-known Trojan is called Sub7. Some claim it has legitimate uses (such as remotely controlling your own computer), though it's often used for illegal activities. Computers with Sub7 installed are accessible from a remote location and can be used to steal credit card numbers by logging keystrokes for example.
Fighting Trojans - The modern way
Most antivirus software will detect and remove Trojans. Keep your virus database up to date to provide the best protection. Some antivirus programs require you to manually scan attachments or other incoming files. Get one that does it automatically. The cost difference is negligible.
Always use caution when opening email attachments, even if they come from a known source. If the attachment is unexpected it should be suspected.
Firewalls should also be used to close vulnerabilities when using the Internet.
A computer Trojan horse is similar. It looks like a benign or useful program but actually contains hidden code that can destroy data or install spyware.
A Trojan horse is often referred to as a virus, but unlike a true computer virus doesn't replicate itself. It's simply designed to gain access to your system and wreak havoc - like the mythical Greek soldiers.
Many Trojan horses (or simply 'Trojans') are spyware, used to monitor your computer activity and send information to a third party without your knowledge or consent.
Spyware can be used to deliver unsolicited pop-up ads, or to log private information such as credit card numbers and passwords, or even reroute your browser to a commercial site. The unscrupulous vendor at that site usually paid the spyware creator to do just that.
Another common use for a Trojan is to install a 'backdoor' - an access point to your computer which bypasses the normal login procedure. Hackers use backdoors to gain control of your computer to send spam or to wreak malicious damage. Since the damage appears to originate from your system it can be hard to combat.
Geeks make a distinction between 'crackers' who gain access to a system to do harm, and 'hackers' who just want to understand the details of how a system works. We'll stick with the more common, though less accurate, term.
How Trojans Are Distributed
Trojans are hidden in programs which appear useful. You visit a free utility site, download one and run the program. Your system is infected.
They can also be spread by e-mail attachments. If the attachment contains an executable file, that program can also contain a Trojan which will infect your computer as soon as it is run.
Executable files have extensions such as .exe but sometimes the extensions are hidden to make the file look like a harmless text file. An example of this would be a file named 'look_at_me.txt.exe. The user may not notice the '.exe' part of the filename (the extension) and think it's a text file. Some operating systems allow users to hide extensions, so in this case the user would simply see 'look_at_me.txt'.
Newer tactics involve embedding them in certain image files. The lesson is: never open a file from someone unknown, or when its arrival is unexpected. Even well-meaning individuals pass on viruses this way.
It's common for Trojans to be spread through operating system vulnerabilities. An operating system controls the basic functions of the computer. Computers connect to the Internet through 'ports', some of which present security risks. Malware takes advantage of these vulnerabilities.
One well-known Trojan is called Sub7. Some claim it has legitimate uses (such as remotely controlling your own computer), though it's often used for illegal activities. Computers with Sub7 installed are accessible from a remote location and can be used to steal credit card numbers by logging keystrokes for example.
Fighting Trojans - The modern way
Most antivirus software will detect and remove Trojans. Keep your virus database up to date to provide the best protection. Some antivirus programs require you to manually scan attachments or other incoming files. Get one that does it automatically. The cost difference is negligible.
Always use caution when opening email attachments, even if they come from a known source. If the attachment is unexpected it should be suspected.
Firewalls should also be used to close vulnerabilities when using the Internet.
Combating Viruses, Beyond The PC
By now most users are aware of the need to implement antivirus software on individual systems. But a large percentage of the hardware and software used to provide something for those users to use resides outside them. What are they and what can be done to protect them from virus attacks?
Computer viruses attack servers - web, file, ftp and e-mail, along with routers and other network gear - along with individual PC's.
Servers are usually substantially the same as PC's only with more memory, disk space and processors. Web servers house web pages and programs for Internet users, e-mail servers store, send and receive e-mail, and file and ftp servers make possible storage and distribution of all manner of files for other systems. Routers are simply specialized computers, with proprietary operating systems, for routing network traffic.
Most operate much like an individual's system and are subject to the same kinds of attacks. They can therefore be protected by many of the same means - regular use of reliable antivirus software and being firewall guarded to shut down vulnerable entry points on the Internet.
What else can be done?
Since servers and routers provide services to multiple, sometimes thousands, of user systems they're more frequently attacked. Users can help administrators of these systems by keeping their own systems clean and refraining from passing on viruses to others across them. Administrators can help themselves by forgoing the temptation to use them as personal computers with full e-mail clients, word processing software, and fully enabled browsers.
Users can help administrators and themselves by being more careful in browser selection and configuration. Most could profit from better self-education in how to minimize the 'target area' for hackers by changing browser settings. Users and computer professionals have made strides in voicing concern over security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer. Adopting other browsers in greater numbers will help to get the message across.
Users and administrators should avoid using bootable CD's and DVD's that haven't been virus scanned after being burned with desired software and files. Sometimes the process that creates them propagates viruses, just as floppy disks did some years ago.
FTP servers, used to store and provide sending and receiving of files over networks, should become a thing of the past. Vanilla ftp (File Transfer Protocol) can't be secured since passwords are passed in clear text (unencrypted) over the network where they can be picked up by sniffers. Sniffers are software and/or hardware used to spy on networks. Secure FTP versions should be used instead.
Users should take an active role in encouraging administrators to lock down systems. Most admins do a very good job with limited time and resources, but security is usually well down their list of priorities. Users who show an interest can alter that in a constructive way by showing that they care. Very few servers have a thorough check by a skilled security expert at any time in their serviceable lifetimes. That would change if users didn't passively assume by default that everything is fine until things go sour.
The Future
Microsoft and other large vendors are making strides in designing hardware and software which is better protected 'out of the box'. Just as one example, one common virus exploit is called a 'buffer overrun'. Memory is used by all programs and it's divided into areas called buffers of a certain size.
Hackers use a well-known technique for causing malicious program instructions to 'overflow' those buffers providing them with more access than the legitimate program intended. A large percentage of security fixes involves securing these buffers. Hardware and operating system designers are addressing this by making 'buffer overrun' a thing of the past, through fundamental design changes.
Much more sophisticated ideas are on the drawing board. Once they become a reality, everyone will benefit.
Computer viruses attack servers - web, file, ftp and e-mail, along with routers and other network gear - along with individual PC's.
Servers are usually substantially the same as PC's only with more memory, disk space and processors. Web servers house web pages and programs for Internet users, e-mail servers store, send and receive e-mail, and file and ftp servers make possible storage and distribution of all manner of files for other systems. Routers are simply specialized computers, with proprietary operating systems, for routing network traffic.
Most operate much like an individual's system and are subject to the same kinds of attacks. They can therefore be protected by many of the same means - regular use of reliable antivirus software and being firewall guarded to shut down vulnerable entry points on the Internet.
What else can be done?
Since servers and routers provide services to multiple, sometimes thousands, of user systems they're more frequently attacked. Users can help administrators of these systems by keeping their own systems clean and refraining from passing on viruses to others across them. Administrators can help themselves by forgoing the temptation to use them as personal computers with full e-mail clients, word processing software, and fully enabled browsers.
Users can help administrators and themselves by being more careful in browser selection and configuration. Most could profit from better self-education in how to minimize the 'target area' for hackers by changing browser settings. Users and computer professionals have made strides in voicing concern over security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer. Adopting other browsers in greater numbers will help to get the message across.
Users and administrators should avoid using bootable CD's and DVD's that haven't been virus scanned after being burned with desired software and files. Sometimes the process that creates them propagates viruses, just as floppy disks did some years ago.
FTP servers, used to store and provide sending and receiving of files over networks, should become a thing of the past. Vanilla ftp (File Transfer Protocol) can't be secured since passwords are passed in clear text (unencrypted) over the network where they can be picked up by sniffers. Sniffers are software and/or hardware used to spy on networks. Secure FTP versions should be used instead.
Users should take an active role in encouraging administrators to lock down systems. Most admins do a very good job with limited time and resources, but security is usually well down their list of priorities. Users who show an interest can alter that in a constructive way by showing that they care. Very few servers have a thorough check by a skilled security expert at any time in their serviceable lifetimes. That would change if users didn't passively assume by default that everything is fine until things go sour.
The Future
Microsoft and other large vendors are making strides in designing hardware and software which is better protected 'out of the box'. Just as one example, one common virus exploit is called a 'buffer overrun'. Memory is used by all programs and it's divided into areas called buffers of a certain size.
Hackers use a well-known technique for causing malicious program instructions to 'overflow' those buffers providing them with more access than the legitimate program intended. A large percentage of security fixes involves securing these buffers. Hardware and operating system designers are addressing this by making 'buffer overrun' a thing of the past, through fundamental design changes.
Much more sophisticated ideas are on the drawing board. Once they become a reality, everyone will benefit.
Virus Hoaxes, As Bad As The Real Thing?
Computer viruses cause real damage to systems or lead to data theft. The consequences are lost time, broken programs and sometimes real money stolen.
A hoax can have these same consequences.
A virus hoax is typically distributed by e-mail to 'warn' recipients of a new threat to computer systems security. After detailing how this new virus is a serious threat, the e-mail advises you to forward the message to everyone you know. This 'chain letter' effect causes one kind of real harm.
Virus hoaxes can circulate widely. Suppose a recipient distributes it to 10 people and each of those 10 people distribute it to 10 more people, and so on down the line. After only six generations, one million bogus e-mail messages will circulate throughout the Internet. By the seventh generation the number reaches 10 million, and by the eighth generation - 100 million e-mail messages that serve no purpose are clogging up networks worldwide.
This effect can cause servers or routers (specialized computers that route Internet traffic) to slow down or even crash.
Often such hoaxes are forwarded with good intentions. A classic example is the e-mail warning about a virus called 'Deeyenda', circulating since 1995. It claims a virus called Deeyenda is circulating via e-mail. The e-mail explains the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) has issued warnings about this virus, and advises the recipient to pass the message on.
Everything about the warning is false. Viruses can't be activated by reading a text e-mail and the FCC doesn't issue warnings about viruses. (Spyware, yes. But then it's not usually a warning, but the annoucement of a criminal indictment.) Furthermore, there has never been a virus called Deeyenda.
Even a hoax can do real system damage. Some warn the user to delete certain files allegedly containing the virus. Such files are typically (unknown to the average user, of course) critical to proper computer operation. Deleting them may have no immediate effect - until the system is re-booted and fails to start.
How to Combat Virus Hoaxes
Fighting a hoax starts with 'recognizing the enemy'.
One clue that a warning is bogus is the use of technical jargon. The 'Good Times' virus hoax contained this warning: 'If the program is not stopped, the computer's processor will be placed in an nth-complexity infinite binary loop which can severely damage the processor.' This sounds very impressive, but in fact there is no such thing as an nth-complexity infinite binary loop. Also, no processor can be harmed by excessive use. Your system may be too busy to process desired commands, but no actual harm is done to the hardware.
Virus hoaxes often contain references to real organizations such as the FCC or a company specializing in antivirus software. If the warning is real, it'll be easy to verify on these organizations' web sites. If the virus warning is real, you can expect to find references to it in print, on television, as well as all over the Internet.
It should go without saying, though some have fallen prey, one should never 'buy' from someone unknown proposing to 'cure' your virus infection. There are many legitimate antivirus vendors - some offer downloadable products, others provide a service over the Internet. But all can be verified by reviews in trade publications and valid testimonials from trusted sources.
A hoax can have these same consequences.
A virus hoax is typically distributed by e-mail to 'warn' recipients of a new threat to computer systems security. After detailing how this new virus is a serious threat, the e-mail advises you to forward the message to everyone you know. This 'chain letter' effect causes one kind of real harm.
Virus hoaxes can circulate widely. Suppose a recipient distributes it to 10 people and each of those 10 people distribute it to 10 more people, and so on down the line. After only six generations, one million bogus e-mail messages will circulate throughout the Internet. By the seventh generation the number reaches 10 million, and by the eighth generation - 100 million e-mail messages that serve no purpose are clogging up networks worldwide.
This effect can cause servers or routers (specialized computers that route Internet traffic) to slow down or even crash.
Often such hoaxes are forwarded with good intentions. A classic example is the e-mail warning about a virus called 'Deeyenda', circulating since 1995. It claims a virus called Deeyenda is circulating via e-mail. The e-mail explains the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) has issued warnings about this virus, and advises the recipient to pass the message on.
Everything about the warning is false. Viruses can't be activated by reading a text e-mail and the FCC doesn't issue warnings about viruses. (Spyware, yes. But then it's not usually a warning, but the annoucement of a criminal indictment.) Furthermore, there has never been a virus called Deeyenda.
Even a hoax can do real system damage. Some warn the user to delete certain files allegedly containing the virus. Such files are typically (unknown to the average user, of course) critical to proper computer operation. Deleting them may have no immediate effect - until the system is re-booted and fails to start.
How to Combat Virus Hoaxes
Fighting a hoax starts with 'recognizing the enemy'.
One clue that a warning is bogus is the use of technical jargon. The 'Good Times' virus hoax contained this warning: 'If the program is not stopped, the computer's processor will be placed in an nth-complexity infinite binary loop which can severely damage the processor.' This sounds very impressive, but in fact there is no such thing as an nth-complexity infinite binary loop. Also, no processor can be harmed by excessive use. Your system may be too busy to process desired commands, but no actual harm is done to the hardware.
Virus hoaxes often contain references to real organizations such as the FCC or a company specializing in antivirus software. If the warning is real, it'll be easy to verify on these organizations' web sites. If the virus warning is real, you can expect to find references to it in print, on television, as well as all over the Internet.
It should go without saying, though some have fallen prey, one should never 'buy' from someone unknown proposing to 'cure' your virus infection. There are many legitimate antivirus vendors - some offer downloadable products, others provide a service over the Internet. But all can be verified by reviews in trade publications and valid testimonials from trusted sources.
Combating Spyware
Spyware can be more than an annoyance. Poorly programmed spyware can interfere with other programs and can even cause system instability. Privacy issues are at stake as well.
This type of software is often installed without a user's consent and often can't be uninstalled without special tools. When distributors use tricks and deception to install uninvited software, trust is destroyed.
The first line of defense against spyware is to be careful installing software. Know what's being downloaded. A large percentage of freeware or shareware programs have spyware embedded in them. Sometimes that's disclosed in the user agreement, but often not.
Before downloading any new software, look for guarantees that it's spyware free. Even so, be on your guard — the file-sharing program Kazaa has been claiming to be spyware-free for years. Anyone who installs this software soon has an opportunity to test this claim.
How can you tell if you have spyware on your system? You may see pop-up advertisements even when you aren't browsing the web. Your homepage may have been changed without your consent. New toolbars are installed on your web browser which you didn't request. Your computer may be sluggish or mysteriously reboot on its own. Though, the last effect is usually a virus.
If you find your system bogged down with spyware, don't give up hope. There are several utilities specifically designed for removing spyware from your computer. They rely on frequently updated databases which contain signature files of all known spyware and adware. They scan all the files on your hard drive and alert you if 'uninvited guests' are found.
Many are free, though sometimes the paid versions have more automation features such as removing spyware on receipt rather than requiring a manual scan. None will find every piece of spyware on your system, since they rely on a database which has to be populated according to someone's judgment. And, one man's spyware is sometimes another's welcomed advertiser.
Some spyware is notoriously difficult to remove. They may make several alterations to your system settings and install files in different places. Often the only way to remove this type of spyware is to find the locations of all the files and manually delete them.
Needless to say, this should be performed only by skilled users. Deleting the wrong files can damage your programs and even your operating system.
One software tool that can help you remove difficult spyware is called 'HijackThis'. It creates a list of files which could have been altered with spyware. The list is very comprehensive and also includes system files and files installed by legitimate software, so take care.
HijackThis wasn't designed to be a spyware removal tool, but it can be used to locate persistent and hard to remove spyware. It requires knowledge of various system settings and you must be careful when changing them. It's possible to disable your system with the wrong setting. Fortunately, there's a community of HijackThis experts on the Internet willing to give free advice about suspicious entries.
Once your system is spyware free — help keep it that way. Some of the spyware removal tools include utilities that can protect your computer from being exposed to spyware. Much like virus scanners, they monitor changes to your system files and alert you of any suspicious activity.
And, of course, beware those tempting looking free offers. You may get more than you bargained for.
This type of software is often installed without a user's consent and often can't be uninstalled without special tools. When distributors use tricks and deception to install uninvited software, trust is destroyed.
The first line of defense against spyware is to be careful installing software. Know what's being downloaded. A large percentage of freeware or shareware programs have spyware embedded in them. Sometimes that's disclosed in the user agreement, but often not.
Before downloading any new software, look for guarantees that it's spyware free. Even so, be on your guard — the file-sharing program Kazaa has been claiming to be spyware-free for years. Anyone who installs this software soon has an opportunity to test this claim.
How can you tell if you have spyware on your system? You may see pop-up advertisements even when you aren't browsing the web. Your homepage may have been changed without your consent. New toolbars are installed on your web browser which you didn't request. Your computer may be sluggish or mysteriously reboot on its own. Though, the last effect is usually a virus.
If you find your system bogged down with spyware, don't give up hope. There are several utilities specifically designed for removing spyware from your computer. They rely on frequently updated databases which contain signature files of all known spyware and adware. They scan all the files on your hard drive and alert you if 'uninvited guests' are found.
Many are free, though sometimes the paid versions have more automation features such as removing spyware on receipt rather than requiring a manual scan. None will find every piece of spyware on your system, since they rely on a database which has to be populated according to someone's judgment. And, one man's spyware is sometimes another's welcomed advertiser.
Some spyware is notoriously difficult to remove. They may make several alterations to your system settings and install files in different places. Often the only way to remove this type of spyware is to find the locations of all the files and manually delete them.
Needless to say, this should be performed only by skilled users. Deleting the wrong files can damage your programs and even your operating system.
One software tool that can help you remove difficult spyware is called 'HijackThis'. It creates a list of files which could have been altered with spyware. The list is very comprehensive and also includes system files and files installed by legitimate software, so take care.
HijackThis wasn't designed to be a spyware removal tool, but it can be used to locate persistent and hard to remove spyware. It requires knowledge of various system settings and you must be careful when changing them. It's possible to disable your system with the wrong setting. Fortunately, there's a community of HijackThis experts on the Internet willing to give free advice about suspicious entries.
Once your system is spyware free — help keep it that way. Some of the spyware removal tools include utilities that can protect your computer from being exposed to spyware. Much like virus scanners, they monitor changes to your system files and alert you of any suspicious activity.
And, of course, beware those tempting looking free offers. You may get more than you bargained for.
Virus Recovery Tips
Why is a computer virus harmful? For the same basic reason that biological viruses are: they damage components that keep systems healthy.
Some are relatively benign - they generate annoying, juvenile messages or crash the system once, then go away. But many are specifically designed to do substantial harm - by deleting files needed to run word processing programs or perform essential operating system tasks. Some prepare the way for further attacks by opening up access to administrative functions.
Combating them is simple - install antivirus software, keep it up-to-date and running in the background and don't open email attachments from unknown sources.
Nonetheless, odds are high that someday the system will be infected. Important data will be lost, essential program and operating system files will be zapped. Now what?
First thing: Don't panic. You may not even be infected. Before implementing a cure you have to diagnose properly.
If the system is still functional and you have access to the Internet, search for current, known viruses. Scan your system manually and search the file system for virus programs or infected files. Search memory too - sometimes the little creeps hide there.
Test multiple programs and operating system functions. It may be that something just went wrong with one component. Not a fool-proof method, the virus may have just attacked those specific ones.
If the system isn't functional, boot the system using an antivirus diskette or CD. You did prepare one, right? No? Er, go back to Step 0 - pre-attack - and (1) prepare bootable antivirus diskettes and a CD, (2) create CD copies of software purchased and/or organize the originals, and (3) backup important data.
Scan the system after booting from diskette or CD and look for the virus or infected files. You really are infected? Ok, on to the next phase.
If you're running Windows select the boot option: Last Known Good Configuration. It rarely helps, but sometimes you'll get lucky, and if you've re-booted twice you've lost the opportunity.
If you're running Windows, check for existence and the dates of key operating system files. (The list is too long to display here. Search Microsoft's web site for 'Operating System files', or make a list from the Windows (or WINNT) directory and System (or System32) sub-directory, of another computer. For the same service pack level, the dates should match other files, for the most part.
Check especially kernel32.exe and lsass.exe. Hackers like to go after those two. Fixes from Microsoft update some, but they tend to come in bunches. Just one with a different date is suspect. Yes, no one said this was going to be easy. Windows is to some extent self-protecting and self-healing but far from perfect. Replace those files with good ones, if needed.
Again for Windows users, it may be the Registry that's corrupted. There are several useful tools available to fix it. Just search on Windows Registry repair utilities and choose one suitable for your version. Any recommendation made here will be out-of-date in six months, but forums are full of helpful up-to-date opinions.
If the problem is only a program - word processing software, or email client or browser, for example - de-install and re-install. Annoying, but usually pretty straight forward, and most programs won't delete any user created data files without prompting you first.
In the worst case scenario - lost user data not backed up somewhere (oops, you skipped Step 0) - several commericial Data Recovery services are available that can sometimes get it back. They tend to be expensive, but your data may be worth it. It sounds like magic, but they often can recover at least some even though you've searched thoroughly and the data appears lost.
Some are relatively benign - they generate annoying, juvenile messages or crash the system once, then go away. But many are specifically designed to do substantial harm - by deleting files needed to run word processing programs or perform essential operating system tasks. Some prepare the way for further attacks by opening up access to administrative functions.
Combating them is simple - install antivirus software, keep it up-to-date and running in the background and don't open email attachments from unknown sources.
Nonetheless, odds are high that someday the system will be infected. Important data will be lost, essential program and operating system files will be zapped. Now what?
First thing: Don't panic. You may not even be infected. Before implementing a cure you have to diagnose properly.
If the system is still functional and you have access to the Internet, search for current, known viruses. Scan your system manually and search the file system for virus programs or infected files. Search memory too - sometimes the little creeps hide there.
Test multiple programs and operating system functions. It may be that something just went wrong with one component. Not a fool-proof method, the virus may have just attacked those specific ones.
If the system isn't functional, boot the system using an antivirus diskette or CD. You did prepare one, right? No? Er, go back to Step 0 - pre-attack - and (1) prepare bootable antivirus diskettes and a CD, (2) create CD copies of software purchased and/or organize the originals, and (3) backup important data.
Scan the system after booting from diskette or CD and look for the virus or infected files. You really are infected? Ok, on to the next phase.
If you're running Windows select the boot option: Last Known Good Configuration. It rarely helps, but sometimes you'll get lucky, and if you've re-booted twice you've lost the opportunity.
If you're running Windows, check for existence and the dates of key operating system files. (The list is too long to display here. Search Microsoft's web site for 'Operating System files', or make a list from the Windows (or WINNT) directory and System (or System32) sub-directory, of another computer. For the same service pack level, the dates should match other files, for the most part.
Check especially kernel32.exe and lsass.exe. Hackers like to go after those two. Fixes from Microsoft update some, but they tend to come in bunches. Just one with a different date is suspect. Yes, no one said this was going to be easy. Windows is to some extent self-protecting and self-healing but far from perfect. Replace those files with good ones, if needed.
Again for Windows users, it may be the Registry that's corrupted. There are several useful tools available to fix it. Just search on Windows Registry repair utilities and choose one suitable for your version. Any recommendation made here will be out-of-date in six months, but forums are full of helpful up-to-date opinions.
If the problem is only a program - word processing software, or email client or browser, for example - de-install and re-install. Annoying, but usually pretty straight forward, and most programs won't delete any user created data files without prompting you first.
In the worst case scenario - lost user data not backed up somewhere (oops, you skipped Step 0) - several commericial Data Recovery services are available that can sometimes get it back. They tend to be expensive, but your data may be worth it. It sounds like magic, but they often can recover at least some even though you've searched thoroughly and the data appears lost.
Computer Viruses And Guarding Against Them
In this modern Information Age, computers are necessities in life. Whether we use them for simple functions such as typing our homework and business reports, up to more important acts like online business meetings and transactions, one cannot deny that computers are a big part in our daily lives. Using a computer, particularly the Internet, is one task that even a ten year old can do at this particular period in time.
With the growing increase of popularity and reliance on computers, as well as the demand for it, security risks have also gone up, which is a reality that cannot be ignored. With the billions of information bits being spread across the World Wide Web, hackers and computer intruders (criminals) see the value in focusing their attention to computers and the Internet. The information they would retrieve here is (more often than not) more useful than when doing it the old-fashioned way.
As such, these intruders have devised some methods into getting information out of computer users, with or without these people knowing that they’ve been hacked into. As is the case in real life, there are some computer programs that are disguised to be innocent, but actually act as spies, providing information to the intruders. These malicious programs which are security threats are called computer viruses.
Computer viruses should not be taken lightly. They work in many different ways; one of them may be to provide data to the one who planted the virus. Other viruses can simply be annoying - slowing down your computer, building unwanted files, etc. – while some can be very disruptive, such as deleting your hard drive, compromising your operating system, etc.
As such, there are different types of viruses which normally differ in how they function and how they are spread. Examples of these include Trojan horses, worms, email viruses, and logic bombs. It would be important for you to know these kinds of viruses in order to better protect you from them, as well as to have the proper programs to get rid of them.
Trojan horses are simply computer program that cannot reproduce themselves, but can do damage anywhere from minimal to extremely dangerous. It usually disguises itself as a common file (maybe an .mp3 music file or a .jpeg picture file) but does the damage when the computer user opens it. This is why you should take extra care when opening a suspicious looking file – it could very well be a Trojan horse.
Worms are self reproducing programs that mainly use security holes in order to spread itself throughout the network. If your computer is infected with a worm and is able to replicate itself a number of times, this usually causes your computer to slow down noticeably since it uses your computer resources and memory to do so. They often use security flaws in operating systems (such as Windows) in order to self reproduce.
Email viruses are self explanatory – they spread via email. Once a user opens the infected email, what it usually does is send itself to other computer users via the email addresses found in the user’s address book. Because it uses email and a lot of people open emails without really checking or being careful, it spreads very quickly across the entire world and can cause chaos within just a few days.
Logic bombs are viruses that target specific computer applications, causing them to crash (for example, Windows). This can also be spread via email attachments or by innocently downloading it off the Internet. It can cause a great deal of harm (particularly if it infects Windows and the like), or just a small amount (small program).
Fortunately for computer users, there are anti-virus programs available anywhere, whether in the Internet or at the computer shop. These programs specifically target over thousands of viruses and wipe them clean from your system (if infected) or protect you from incoming attacks (if not yet infected).
Anti-virus programs are constantly updated (normally everyday) since there are always new virus definitions each day, and you can get infected by these new viruses. These software developers are always researching about the newest viruses to ensure you, the user, are protected from these viruses as much as possible. Your PC security and safety are always being considered.
With the growing increase of popularity and reliance on computers, as well as the demand for it, security risks have also gone up, which is a reality that cannot be ignored. With the billions of information bits being spread across the World Wide Web, hackers and computer intruders (criminals) see the value in focusing their attention to computers and the Internet. The information they would retrieve here is (more often than not) more useful than when doing it the old-fashioned way.
As such, these intruders have devised some methods into getting information out of computer users, with or without these people knowing that they’ve been hacked into. As is the case in real life, there are some computer programs that are disguised to be innocent, but actually act as spies, providing information to the intruders. These malicious programs which are security threats are called computer viruses.
Computer viruses should not be taken lightly. They work in many different ways; one of them may be to provide data to the one who planted the virus. Other viruses can simply be annoying - slowing down your computer, building unwanted files, etc. – while some can be very disruptive, such as deleting your hard drive, compromising your operating system, etc.
As such, there are different types of viruses which normally differ in how they function and how they are spread. Examples of these include Trojan horses, worms, email viruses, and logic bombs. It would be important for you to know these kinds of viruses in order to better protect you from them, as well as to have the proper programs to get rid of them.
Trojan horses are simply computer program that cannot reproduce themselves, but can do damage anywhere from minimal to extremely dangerous. It usually disguises itself as a common file (maybe an .mp3 music file or a .jpeg picture file) but does the damage when the computer user opens it. This is why you should take extra care when opening a suspicious looking file – it could very well be a Trojan horse.
Worms are self reproducing programs that mainly use security holes in order to spread itself throughout the network. If your computer is infected with a worm and is able to replicate itself a number of times, this usually causes your computer to slow down noticeably since it uses your computer resources and memory to do so. They often use security flaws in operating systems (such as Windows) in order to self reproduce.
Email viruses are self explanatory – they spread via email. Once a user opens the infected email, what it usually does is send itself to other computer users via the email addresses found in the user’s address book. Because it uses email and a lot of people open emails without really checking or being careful, it spreads very quickly across the entire world and can cause chaos within just a few days.
Logic bombs are viruses that target specific computer applications, causing them to crash (for example, Windows). This can also be spread via email attachments or by innocently downloading it off the Internet. It can cause a great deal of harm (particularly if it infects Windows and the like), or just a small amount (small program).
Fortunately for computer users, there are anti-virus programs available anywhere, whether in the Internet or at the computer shop. These programs specifically target over thousands of viruses and wipe them clean from your system (if infected) or protect you from incoming attacks (if not yet infected).
Anti-virus programs are constantly updated (normally everyday) since there are always new virus definitions each day, and you can get infected by these new viruses. These software developers are always researching about the newest viruses to ensure you, the user, are protected from these viruses as much as possible. Your PC security and safety are always being considered.
4 Basic Steps To Protect Your Computer Against Internet Intruders
It never ceases to amaze me how many people connect to the Internet with no protection on the PC at all! This is a very dangerous activity and has led to financial ruin for some people.
I have had family members and friends who ask me to check out their PC's because they are 'slow' or they can't stop these damn popup windows from coming up. These are the first signs of infection or security breaches on your PC.
It takes 4 simple steps and it costs you nothing at all except a bit of time and effort.
Step 1 - Get a firewall installed.
Firewalls help to protect you from Internet attacks and intrusion from hackers on the Internet who go 'sniffing' for unprotected computers.
What do they do when they hack your computer? Well they look for password files, security breaches that allow them to use YOUR computer for malicious attacks on other computers on the Internet.
There was a story not long ago about the Russian Mafia hacking into a household computer and using it to transfer funds from unsuspecting bank accounts for their own illegal purposes. When the Feds tracked down the responsible computer, it belonged to some unsuspecting person who had no idea of what was happening. So be warned!!
Microsoft Windows XP has a built in firewall so you could enable that and it gives you some basic protection.
If you don't want to use that firewall then try a free firewall called zone alarm from http://www.zonelabs.com
Zone alarm is a great firewall and even better for the price - they have a free version for home and non-commercial use.
Step 2 - Get an anti virus product installed
Anti virus software scans your computer for malicious code that can cause all sorts of problems on your computer and even delete files and make your computer inoperable.
You can get a very good free virus scanning software called AVG virus scanner from http://www.grisoft.com/
Step 3 - Get a reliable anti-spyware software
Spyware tends to sit on your computer and 'spy' on what you are doing. It can do things like look at web sites you have visited, record your key strokes (looking for account numbers and passwords) and it can then sends this information back to its originator.
A great and well know spyware scanner is called Spybot-S&D from http://www.safer-networking.org/
The other great spyware utilities are adaware from lavasoft, and Microsoft have one as well.
My advice would be to run two or three spyware utilities, particularly if you do a lot of online transactions with your computer.
Step 4 - Keep your Microsoft (MS) Windows Operating System (OS) updated
Microsoft come out with security patches on a regular bases to close up security 'holes' that have been identified. These patches can be applied manually by you or you can have MS Windows download and install them automatically.
To check out what updates you require -
1. Go to the Microsoft Windows Update page here - http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com/
2. Scan your computer to find out what critical updates and security patches are not installed.
3. Select the updates to install paying particular attention to CRITICAL Updates.
You may need to restart your computer after the patches have been applied
As a final word on the 4 steps, it is critical that you keep all of the programs up to date. So check back with the vendors on a regular basis (at least weekly) to see if updates are available. The better programs (like Spybot) will have options in them to check for updates.
The above list of programs is not the ultimate list. Like any programs there are dozens of choices. The ones above are those that I have had first hand experience of.
I personally use commercial programs because I spend so much time connected to the Internet, my family surfs quite regularly and I am a big fan of online transactions. Even the commercial programs only cost pennies compared to what can happen if you do get an infection.
New! Ezy-Internet Safety Guide is the perfect blueprint to the truth about Internet safety. Learn everything you need to know about making your computer safer, safety software that works and how to avoid all the nasty spyware, malware, viruses, worms and trojans.
I have had family members and friends who ask me to check out their PC's because they are 'slow' or they can't stop these damn popup windows from coming up. These are the first signs of infection or security breaches on your PC.
It takes 4 simple steps and it costs you nothing at all except a bit of time and effort.
Step 1 - Get a firewall installed.
Firewalls help to protect you from Internet attacks and intrusion from hackers on the Internet who go 'sniffing' for unprotected computers.
What do they do when they hack your computer? Well they look for password files, security breaches that allow them to use YOUR computer for malicious attacks on other computers on the Internet.
There was a story not long ago about the Russian Mafia hacking into a household computer and using it to transfer funds from unsuspecting bank accounts for their own illegal purposes. When the Feds tracked down the responsible computer, it belonged to some unsuspecting person who had no idea of what was happening. So be warned!!
Microsoft Windows XP has a built in firewall so you could enable that and it gives you some basic protection.
If you don't want to use that firewall then try a free firewall called zone alarm from http://www.zonelabs.com
Zone alarm is a great firewall and even better for the price - they have a free version for home and non-commercial use.
Step 2 - Get an anti virus product installed
Anti virus software scans your computer for malicious code that can cause all sorts of problems on your computer and even delete files and make your computer inoperable.
You can get a very good free virus scanning software called AVG virus scanner from http://www.grisoft.com/
Step 3 - Get a reliable anti-spyware software
Spyware tends to sit on your computer and 'spy' on what you are doing. It can do things like look at web sites you have visited, record your key strokes (looking for account numbers and passwords) and it can then sends this information back to its originator.
A great and well know spyware scanner is called Spybot-S&D from http://www.safer-networking.org/
The other great spyware utilities are adaware from lavasoft, and Microsoft have one as well.
My advice would be to run two or three spyware utilities, particularly if you do a lot of online transactions with your computer.
Step 4 - Keep your Microsoft (MS) Windows Operating System (OS) updated
Microsoft come out with security patches on a regular bases to close up security 'holes' that have been identified. These patches can be applied manually by you or you can have MS Windows download and install them automatically.
To check out what updates you require -
1. Go to the Microsoft Windows Update page here - http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com/
2. Scan your computer to find out what critical updates and security patches are not installed.
3. Select the updates to install paying particular attention to CRITICAL Updates.
You may need to restart your computer after the patches have been applied
As a final word on the 4 steps, it is critical that you keep all of the programs up to date. So check back with the vendors on a regular basis (at least weekly) to see if updates are available. The better programs (like Spybot) will have options in them to check for updates.
The above list of programs is not the ultimate list. Like any programs there are dozens of choices. The ones above are those that I have had first hand experience of.
I personally use commercial programs because I spend so much time connected to the Internet, my family surfs quite regularly and I am a big fan of online transactions. Even the commercial programs only cost pennies compared to what can happen if you do get an infection.
New! Ezy-Internet Safety Guide is the perfect blueprint to the truth about Internet safety. Learn everything you need to know about making your computer safer, safety software that works and how to avoid all the nasty spyware, malware, viruses, worms and trojans.
How To Keep Your PC Healthy By Avoiding Viruses
The toughest to fight in any computer is a virus that has already gotten into your system, snooped into your files and multiplied to the point that it hogs your hard disk space and slowly eats at your system. Let's admit it, we're scared of these viruses and we want to get rid of them. Here are very useful tips for protecting your PC:
Making Use Of The Firewall
Windows operating system has the firewall for a reason. For those who are connected to the Internet 24/7, the firewall is the basic way to protect your PC. Check if your firewall is on by going to the control panel of your Windows PC. Firewalls keeps your computer away from malicious software (malware), worms, and Trojan viruses. Also, it prevents other people from snooping in your files and applications.
You can also download firewall software off the net if you want more protection for your system, but the basic firewalls work.
Download A Trusty Antivirus Software
These days, when you have no antivirus software, your PC is vulnerable to virus attacks, especially when inserting your friends flash disks in your USB ports. There are already a variety of viruses sticking themselves to flash disks then automatically transferring it to the PC.
It would be really helpful to have an antivirus which is regularly updated off the internet. It's also good to always have it active all the time to detect virus in real time.
Check If Your Windows Operating System Is Getting Updates
Never ignore the Windows update bubble popping out of the lower right part of your screen. Your Windows operating system will be fully protected by downloading updates. These updates often include anti-malware updates or improvement for different Windows utilities to avoid vulnerabilities in the system.
Though most of the time, Windows automatically downloads updates and let you install them manually or automatically when you shut down your system.
Being Wary Of Suspicious E-Mails And Various Zipped Files
Don't open everything in your inbox. This is almost common knowledge, however, sometimes; curiosity gets the better of us. Inspect the sender and the subject before opening an e-mail and downloading anything off the attachments. Some of the most deadly virus hides in e-mails.
Lastly, if you download files from limewire, for example, be very careful on downloading zipped files. Check if the file is described in the right size and it looks trustworthy enough before downloading it.
The Bottom Line
Being careful and doing the right things will help your PC avoid getting viruses. In the end, it's not up to the PC to do the work, but it's up to the user to configure and protect the PC himself; which is the best way.
Making Use Of The Firewall
Windows operating system has the firewall for a reason. For those who are connected to the Internet 24/7, the firewall is the basic way to protect your PC. Check if your firewall is on by going to the control panel of your Windows PC. Firewalls keeps your computer away from malicious software (malware), worms, and Trojan viruses. Also, it prevents other people from snooping in your files and applications.
You can also download firewall software off the net if you want more protection for your system, but the basic firewalls work.
Download A Trusty Antivirus Software
These days, when you have no antivirus software, your PC is vulnerable to virus attacks, especially when inserting your friends flash disks in your USB ports. There are already a variety of viruses sticking themselves to flash disks then automatically transferring it to the PC.
It would be really helpful to have an antivirus which is regularly updated off the internet. It's also good to always have it active all the time to detect virus in real time.
Check If Your Windows Operating System Is Getting Updates
Never ignore the Windows update bubble popping out of the lower right part of your screen. Your Windows operating system will be fully protected by downloading updates. These updates often include anti-malware updates or improvement for different Windows utilities to avoid vulnerabilities in the system.
Though most of the time, Windows automatically downloads updates and let you install them manually or automatically when you shut down your system.
Being Wary Of Suspicious E-Mails And Various Zipped Files
Don't open everything in your inbox. This is almost common knowledge, however, sometimes; curiosity gets the better of us. Inspect the sender and the subject before opening an e-mail and downloading anything off the attachments. Some of the most deadly virus hides in e-mails.
Lastly, if you download files from limewire, for example, be very careful on downloading zipped files. Check if the file is described in the right size and it looks trustworthy enough before downloading it.
The Bottom Line
Being careful and doing the right things will help your PC avoid getting viruses. In the end, it's not up to the PC to do the work, but it's up to the user to configure and protect the PC himself; which is the best way.
How To Get Rid Of Computer Viruses: A Step By Step Guide And Important Tips
A computer virus could be the end of a wonderful day when in the middle of a computer application, a virus starts eating up your files. Or you slaved all week for a report and when you try to open the file, you can't find it anywhere. In cases like these, what do you do?
The first thing to do is to unplug the modem wires and don't connect to another computer. Just re-plug everything once the virus has been eliminated. Second, look for a virus-scan software in your computer and install updates via the internet. Once installed, you can run the software. If the software can't remove the virus, there is a possibility that it can identify it.
Third, browse the Web for any data about the virus affecting your computer. Just type the name of your virus like Trojan Virus. If the Web gives you specific instructions in getting rid of the virus, follow these instructions carefully. Or you may try downloading and installing programs from the Web that can get rid of the virus. Lastly, you may run another virus scan to see if the virus was totally eliminated.
There are other things you should know about these viruses and what to do as First Aid. To avoid spreading the virus to people in your contact list, find out if the virus is spread through e-mail. If it is, contact these people and tell them to avoid opening attachments and messages from your email address temporarily until the virus has been dealt with.
To find out, open your address book and a new contact which is a phony address. You may try !000 because this is the very first address that will register in your address book and the first address where the virus will send itself. Right there, it will stop sending itself because of the phony address. The best thing to do is to get specific online procedure to get rid of the virus.
If your computer contains many sensitive and personal files that practically mean your life, it would probably be good if you invest in software that virtually removes all kinds of viruses. Because even reformatting can't get rid of all types of virus, it is very important that you get one of these software's.
Knowing these things about computer viruses is imperative. At least, when you encounter one, you will know what to do. Invest in a good virus-scan software that could take care of all sorts of virus. Or you could download good virus scans from the Web anytime for free.
The first thing to do is to unplug the modem wires and don't connect to another computer. Just re-plug everything once the virus has been eliminated. Second, look for a virus-scan software in your computer and install updates via the internet. Once installed, you can run the software. If the software can't remove the virus, there is a possibility that it can identify it.
Third, browse the Web for any data about the virus affecting your computer. Just type the name of your virus like Trojan Virus. If the Web gives you specific instructions in getting rid of the virus, follow these instructions carefully. Or you may try downloading and installing programs from the Web that can get rid of the virus. Lastly, you may run another virus scan to see if the virus was totally eliminated.
There are other things you should know about these viruses and what to do as First Aid. To avoid spreading the virus to people in your contact list, find out if the virus is spread through e-mail. If it is, contact these people and tell them to avoid opening attachments and messages from your email address temporarily until the virus has been dealt with.
To find out, open your address book and a new contact which is a phony address. You may try !000 because this is the very first address that will register in your address book and the first address where the virus will send itself. Right there, it will stop sending itself because of the phony address. The best thing to do is to get specific online procedure to get rid of the virus.
If your computer contains many sensitive and personal files that practically mean your life, it would probably be good if you invest in software that virtually removes all kinds of viruses. Because even reformatting can't get rid of all types of virus, it is very important that you get one of these software's.
Knowing these things about computer viruses is imperative. At least, when you encounter one, you will know what to do. Invest in a good virus-scan software that could take care of all sorts of virus. Or you could download good virus scans from the Web anytime for free.
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